Antecedents of rapport and its mediating role on relational cohesion in patient-physician interaction.

Increasing competition in healthcare services, it is imperative that physicians and family-care practitioners seek ways to attract and retain patients. Building relationships with existing patients is one sure way to continued patronage and increased clientele. The purpose of this paper is to examine antecedents of rapport and its influence on perceived relationships in the context of patient-physician interaction. Study using cross-sectional survey method with structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Structural Equation Modeling was used for analyzing the data collected from 326 patients residing in Karnataka, India. The finding suggests that respect, responsibility and understanding have significant influence on relational cohesion with rapport acting as mediating variable. The results add to the empirical validity of the relationship among rapport, respect & relationship, as it is required to understand studied in Indian context. The finding provides new directions for both healthcare professionals and institutions in their endeavor of building relationships with their customers (Patients) by emphasizing the need for developing 'rapport' as an integral part of service interaction. Future research like longitudinal and experimental studies can provide more conclusive evidence regarding the influence of service behaviour on rapport.

Disability Inclusion in Corporate Supplier Diversity Initiatives.

PURPOSE: Since the 1960s, federal and state governments and private-sector companies have used supplier diversity initiatives to ensure their supply chains include businesses owned by traditionally economically disadvantaged or underrepresented groups. Originally concentrated on racial and ethnic minority groups, programs have expanded to include businesses owned by women, veterans, LGBTQ+ individuals, and, in some cases, people with disabilities. This study investigates the extent to which disability is included in supplier diversity initiatives of Fortune 500 companies. METHODS: This paper uses a novel data set created by the authors with information on supplier diversity initiatives and Disability, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) statements in Fortune 500 companies extracted from public sources. This information is combined with data from Compustat, a corporate financial database published by Standard and Poor's and additional variables from other sources. RESULTS: 75% of the Fortune 500 companies have supplier diversity programs that express a commitment to diversity yet only 49% of those with such programs include disability-owned businesses (38% of all Fortune 500 companies). Among the largest 100 companies, 89% had supplier diversity programs that included disability, almost 6 times the rate Ball et al. reported in 2005. This study finds disability inclusion varies significantly by company size, industry, and whether the company is a government contractor. CONCLUSION: Despite the growth in disability inclusion, the absence of disability as a diversity category in regulations mandating supplier diversity initiatives for government contractors impacts disability inclusion. If we want to align our supplier diversity programs with the Americans with Disabilities Act, the first step is to address the issue in the Small Business Administration and federal contracting requirements.

Competitive organizational climate and artificial intelligence (AI) acceptance: the moderating role of leaders' power construal.

Introduction: The incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in organizations is pivotal to deal with work-related tasks and challenges effectively, yet little is known about the organizational factors that influence AI acceptance (i.e., employee favorable AI attitudes and AI use). To address this limitation in the literature and provide insight into the organizational antecedents influencing AI acceptance, this research investigated the relationship between competitive organizational climate and AI acceptance among employees. Moreover, given the critical role of a leader in employee attitude and behavior, we examined the moderating role of leaders' power construal as responsibility or as opportunity in this relationship. Methods: Study 1 was a three-wave field study among employees (N = 237, Mage = 38.28) working in various organizations in the UK. The study measured employees' perception of a competitive organizational climate at Time 1, leaders' power construal (as perceived by employees) at Time 2, and employee attitudes towards AI and their actual use of AI in the workplace at Times 2 and 3. Study 2 was a 2 (climate: highly competitive vs. low competitive) by 2 (power construal: responsibility vs. opportunity) experiment among employee participants (N = 150, Mage = 37.50). Results: Study 1 demonstrated a positive relationship between competitive climate and employee AI use over time. Furthermore, both studies revealed an interaction between competitive climate and leader's power construal in the prediction of employee AI acceptance: In Study 1, competitive climate was negatively related to AI acceptance over time when leaders construed power as opportunity. In Study 2 competitive climate was positively related to AI acceptance when leaders construed power as responsibility rather than as opportunity. Discussion: These results underscore the organizational factors that are required in order for employees to shape favorable attitudes towards AI and actually use AI at work. Importantly, this research expands the limited body of literature on AI integration in organizations.

Comparison of Clinical Characteristics, Gender Perceptions, and Rape-Related Beliefs of People Assessed for Criminal Liability for Rape Against Children and Adults. / Çocuga ve Eriskine Yönelik Tecavüz Suçu Nedeniyle Ceza Sorumlulugu Degerlendirilen Kisilerin Klinik Özelliklerinin, Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algilarinin ve Tecavüze Iliskin Inançlarinin Karsilastirilmasi.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the criminal, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, paraphilic behaviors, sexual attitudes, gender perceptions, and rape-related beliefs of people assessed for criminal liability for rape against adults and children. METHOD: The study compared 40 people investigated for criminal liability for rape against an adult (RAA) with 40 individuals investigated for criminal liability for crime of rape against a child (RAC), and 43 age, sex and education matched individuals without any sexual crime history using the Structured Clinical Interview form for DSM-5 disorders, Hendrick Brief Sexual Attitude Scale, Gender Perception Scale, Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11. RESULTS: All participants were male. There was no difference between the groups in terms of lifelong or existing psychiatric diseases. All participants had full criminal responsibility during the crime. No participant in any group was diagnosed with a paraphilic disorder. It was determined that people in both RAC and RAA groups tended to use sexuality as a tool, paid less attention to birth control methods, had a far less egalitarian perception of gender, and their myths about rape were significantly higher compared to the control group. The control group was much more impulsive than the sex offenders. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the act of sexual assault should not be explained only by impulsivity or psychiatric disorders, and that gender perception and sexual myths may also be influential. The fact that all individuals had full criminal responsibility emphasizes the need for more research on the social and cultural origins of sexual violence.

Environmental corporate social responsibility practices and firm innovation: Complementarities and empirical evidence from Spanish firms.

This study examines the complementarity effect of combining different types of environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) practices on firm innovation. We apply the complementarity approach to test whether the adoption of different ECSR practices (i.e. practices for fewer materials per unit produced [materials], less energy per unit produced [energy], or decreasing environmental impact [impact]) generates super-additive effects on firms' innovation, measured by innovations type: adoption, new-to-the-market, and new-to-the-firm innovation. We use data from the Spanish Community Innovation Survey for the period 2009-2014. The results show that the best combination of ECSR practices depends on the innovation type. For innovation adoption, all possible combinations of the three practices produce super-additive effects; however, the complementarity patterns differ for new-to-the-market and new-to-the-firm innovations. For new-to-the-market innovation, energy practices appear to be a key factor in fostering innovation when combined with materials or impact practices. For new-to-the-firm innovation, the combination of these three ECSR practices shows complementarity effects. These findings provide useful insights for the design of corporate social responsibility strategies.

Weiner's Attribution-Emotion-Action Model: Uncovering the Mediating Role of Self-Blame and the Moderating Effect of the Helper's Responsibility for the Help Recipient's Behavior.

Seven preregistered experimental studies investigated a potential mediator (self-blame) and moderator (the perceived responsibility of the helper for the help recipient's behavior) of Weiner's attribution-emotion-action model. When participants considered a nonchild close other experiencing depression, higher perceived controllability was related to lower sympathy, which correlated with less willingness to provide support; however, among parents considering their child experiencing depression, perceived controllability was either positively associated with sympathy (study 1) or did not influence sympathy (study 2). Offering an explanation, studies 3a/3b indicated a significantly weaker relationship between controllability and responsibility attributions when the target of help was the participant's child. Study 4 investigated the underlying mechanism. Parents experienced self-blame when the cause was controllable, which lowered the association between controllability and responsibility attributions. Studies 5 and 6 revealed this pattern was not specific to the parent-child relationship but occurred whenever the potential helper felt responsible for the help recipient's behavior.

Men With Type II Diabetes in Peru: The Role of Masculine Gender Norms in the Perception of Family Support.

Type II diabetes is increasingly becoming a problem in Latin American countries such as Peru. People living with diabetes must incorporate several behavioral changes in their everyday lives, which are done outside the purview of medical professionals. Support from friends and family members is essential to the successful management of any chronic condition. Our study discusses the role of family involvement in supporting the management of diabetes among Peruvian men and examines how masculine norms play a role in the way such support is received and perceived, and their influence in motivation to adhere to treatment recommendations. In-depth interviews with 20 men from a low socioeconomic status, aged 27 to 68 with a diagnosis of Type II diabetes were conducted. Our analysis suggests the importance of the close, complex, and integrated experience that connects family members and patients with a chronic condition. Participant accounts demonstrate they receive multiple forms of support from a diverse range of social relationships. The overwhelming majority of the people giving the support were female and were especially significant in supporting management practices. The participants' accounts were able to demonstrate how living with a chronic condition, such as diabetes, affects the whole family-physically, mentally, and emotionally-and they experience the disease as one unit. Our study demonstrates the need for a family health experience approach that considers masculine gender norms around health and provides relevant insights to inform family-based treatments and therapies to allow for more and better targeted health care for men.

Division of Responsibility in Child Feeding and Eating Competence: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Sample of Caregivers of Brazilian Children with Celiac Disease.

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess eating competence (EC) and the adherence to the division of responsibility in child feeding (sDOR) of Brazilian caregivers of children with celiac disease (CD). It also examined the association between EC and sDOR, children's adherence to a gluten-free diet, and sociodemographic data. This study administered a survey set that included sociodemographic data, health-related data, eating habits, and the instruments ecSI2.0TMBR and sDOR.2-6yTM BR, validated for a Brazilian population. The sample comprised 50 caregivers of children with CD (between 24 and 72 months of age). The participants following a gluten-free diet (GFD) presented higher scores for all EC domains and the total EC. The total EC scores were higher for the participants over 40 y/o, frequently having meals as a family, with their children consuming more than three servings of fruit and at least one serving of vegetables daily and complying with a GFD. Different from the EC, the sDOR.2-6yTM scores did not differ between the participants complying with a GFD. The sDOR.2-6yTM mealtime structure domain scores were significantly associated with the EC eating attitude, food acceptance, contextual skills, and total. These findings support the need for greater attention to exploring the division of responsibility in feeding and EC in pediatric celiac disease, potentially enhancing intervention strategies for patients and their families.

Is matching or discrepancy between filial piety expectation and filial support better? The role of filial support of children and social support.

Filial piety in traditional Chinese culture is an essential variable in explaining intergenerational interaction. However, previous studies have not clarified whether older adults' filial responsibility expectations matched children's filial support and the effects of the filial discrepancy on their life satisfaction and loneliness. The latent profile analysis showed that older adults were divided into two groups: (1) high expectations and support, and (2) low expectations and support. The results showed that compared with older adults with low expectations and low support, those with high expectations and high support reported higher life satisfaction and lower loneliness. Additionally, social support played a moderating role in the effect of the groups of older adults on life satisfaction and loneliness. Our conclusion shows that filial support is an essential factor influencing older adult life satisfaction and loneliness, and social support is an effective supplement to filial support.

Do medical devices contribute to sustainability? The role of innovative polymers and device design.

Sustainability of a medical device has not yet become a major issue in public discussions compared to other topics with impact to material performance, clinical application, production economy and environmental pollution. Due to their unique properties, polymers (plastics) allow for multiple, flexible applications in medical device technology. Polymers are part of the majority of disposable and single use medical device and contribute with 3% to the worldwide production of plastics. The global medical polymer market size was valued 19.9 billion US-$ in 2022 and its value projection for 2023 is expected to reach 43.03 billion US-$ Here, a wider concept of related sustainability is introduced for medical devices and their polymer components. A close look on medical device specification reveals that additional properties are required to provide sustainability, such as biodegradability, quality by device design (QbD), as well as an inbuild performance service for patients, healthcare professionals and healthcare providers. The increasing global numbers for chronic and non-communicable diseases require a huge demand for single use medical devices. A careful look at polymer specification and its performance properties is needed, including possible chemical modifications and degradation processes during waste disposal. Bioengineers in charge of design and production of medical devices will only be successful when they apply a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to medical device sustainability.

Eco-management of end-of-life tires: Advances and challenges for the Ecuadorian case.

The aim of this research is to analyse the performance of the extended producer responsibility model for the management of end-of-life tires (ELTs) in Ecuador that has been implemented since 2013. For this research, we conducted case studies of, and subsequently, a comparative analysis between, the ELT management system in Ecuador with respect to the ELT management models in Colombia and Brazil. Our findings show that although the programme implementation represented a significant advance in Ecuador's waste management system there are important challenges that should be considered in future adaptations of the programme. Among the measures that can be adopted to improve the ELT management system are the consolidation and stimulation of the market for products made from ELT waste; promotion of other productive sectors linked to the creation of new products and sectors that generate complementary products; enhancement of the generation, socialization and access to knowledge of the waste by-products for micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises; increase the tire consumer fee, known as 'Ecovalor' and improvement of the quality and availability of information and indicators regarding ELT management. In this sense, the experiences of Colombia and Brazil show important lessons for the Ecuadorian case.

How stable are moral judgements? A longitudinal study of context dependency in attitudes towards patient responsibility.

BACKGROUND: Whether patients' life-style should involve lower priority for treatment is a controversial question in bioethics. Less is known about clinicians' views. AIM: To study how clinical doctors' attitudes to questions of patient responsibility and priority vary over time. METHOD: Surveys of doctors in Norway in 2008, 2014, 2021. Questionnaires included statements about patients' lifestyle's significance for priority to care, and vignettes of priority cases (only in 2014). RESULTS: Attitudes were fairly stable between 2008 and 2021. 17%/14% agreed that patients' lifestyle should count, while 19%/22% agreed that it should involve lower priority to scarce organs. 42/44% agreed that smokers should have lower priority. Substantially more agreed in 2014. Regression analyses showed that being male, working in hospital, and younger age increased the likelihood of agreeing. CONCLUSION: A substantial minority of doctors agreed that lifestyle should be a priority criterion, possibly contrary to Norwegian legislation and professional ethics. The finding might be explained by the unspecified meaning of priority, increased scarcity-awareness, or socio-cultural trends towards individualism. The 2014 results indicate a framing effect; the vignettes may have primed the respondents towards accepting lifestyle as a criterion. We conclude that attitudes to normative questions are unstable and depend on context. A substantial minority of doctors seems to be positive to deprioritizing patients allegedly responsible for their illness. However, what deprioritization implies in practice is not clear.

Employees' behavioural action towards corporate environmental performance: The moderating effect of moral reflectiveness.

The evolution of the hotel industry's corporate environmental performance cannot be realized without employees acting in an environmentally friendly manner, such as low carbon behaviour. However, a thorough analysis of the factors influencing employees' low-carbon behaviour and hotels' corporate environmental performance has not yet been done. To overcome this literature gap and envision the social identity theory, this study evaluated how employees' green self-efficacy, environmental awareness, and perceived corporate environmental responsibility facilitate staff low carbon behaviour. Also, the study explored the moderation role of employees' moral reflectiveness. Through a purposive sampling technique, data was collected from 455 employees in the hotel industry in South Africa. The partial least squares structural equation model method examined the proposed hypothesis. The empirical findings revealed that: (1) employees' green self-efficacy, environmental awareness, and perceived corporate environmental responsibility positively influence their low carbon behaviour. (2) Employees' low carbon behaviour directly and positively affected hotels' corporate environmental performance. (3) The outcome supported the moderation effect of employees' moral reflectiveness on the linkage between green self-efficacy and low-carbon behaviour. The practical and theoretical implications are discussed. The limitations and areas of future research are further outlined.

Consideration on the Intergenerational Ethics on Uranium Waste Disposal.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review provides insights into resolving intergenerational issues related to the disposal of waste containing high amounts of uranium (uranium waste), from which distant future generations will have higher health risks than the current generation. RECENT FINDINGS: Uranium (half-life: 4.5 billion years) produces various progeny radionuclides through radioactive decay over the long term, and its radioactivity, as the sum of its contributions, continues to increase for more than 100,000 years. In contrast to high-level radioactive wastes, protective measures, such as attenuation of radiation and confinement of radionuclides from the disposal facility, cannot work effectively for uranium waste. Thus, additional considerations from the perspective of intergenerational ethics are needed in the strategy for uranium waste disposal. The current generation, which has benefited from the use and disposal of uranium waste, is responsible for protecting future generations from the potential risk of buried uranium beyond the lifetime of a disposal facility. Fulfilling this responsibility means making more creative efforts to convey critical information on buried materials to the distant future to ensure that future generations can properly take measures to reduce the harm by themselves in response to changing circumstances including people's values.

Integrating community service-learning into a dental hygiene curriculum: a document analysis.

Background: Community service-learning (CSL) aims to promote civic engagement among students and deepen their understanding of social issues, connecting students to communities where they may practise as future health care providers. This study's aims were two-fold: first, to determine whether incorporating a non-dental community service-learning experience into a fourth-year behavioural science course can develop abilities related to the dental hygiene baccalaureate competencies; second, to examine the overall student learning experience. Methods: Seven community agencies presented projects to the dental hygiene class, and students individually selected their top 3 choices. Projects were diverse, ranging from literacy tutoring to creating a program plan or hosting a public virtual event with an interprofessional health panel discussing nutrition. Dental hygiene students participated in a 20-hour placement with one community project and completed individual reflection journals that focused on their experience. Using a document analysis approach, the authors examined the reflection journals through an iterative process to identify themes. Results: Ten student reflections were analysed and three themes emerged: 1) increased social awareness; 2) application of dental hygiene core competencies; and 3) the challenges of the learning experience. Students consistently discussed how the project allowed them to apply 5 dental hygiene core competencies and how their learning experience aligned with their future professional role as a dental hygienist. Students articulated increased understanding of their individual privilege and awareness of social issues in their community. Conclusions: Participation in non-dental CSL increased dental hygiene students' social awareness of local communities. Students demonstrated an ability to apply their learning to their developing competencies as future dental hygienists.

Contexte : L'apprentissage axé sur les services communautaires vise à promouvoir l'engagement civique des étudiants et à approfondir leur compréhension des enjeux sociaux, en mettant les étudiants en contact avec les communautés où ils peuvent exercer en tant que futurs fournisseurs de soins de santé. Cette étude avait 2 objectifs : premièrement, déterminer si l'intégration d'une expérience d'apprentissage par service communautaire non dentaire à un cours de quatrième année de science du comportement peut permettre de développer des capacités liées aux compétences du baccalauréat en hygiène dentaire; deuxièmement, examiner l'expérience d'apprentissage globale de l'étudiant. Méthodes : Pour l'étude, 7 organismes communautaires ont présenté des projets à la classe d'hygiène dentaire et les étudiants ont chacun sélectionné leurs 3 premiers choix. Les projets étaient diversifiés, allant du tutorat en alphabétisation à la création d'un plan de programme ou à l'organisation d'un événement public virtuel avec un panel interprofessionnel de la santé qui discutait de la nutrition. Les étudiants en hygiène dentaire ont participé à un stage de 20 heures dans le cadre d'un projet communautaire et ont consigné leurs réflexions dans un journal individuel axé sur leur expérience. À l'aide d'une approche d'analyse documentaire, les auteurs ont examiné les journaux de réflexion lors d'un processus itératif pour cerner les thèmes. Résultats : Les réflexions de 10 étudiants ont été analysées et 3 thèmes sont ressortis : 1) une sensibilisation sociale accrue; 2) l'application des compétences de base en hygiène dentaire; et 3) les défis de l'expérience d'apprentissage. Les étudiants ont systématiquement discuté de la façon dont le projet leur a permis d'appliquer 5 compétences de base en hygiène dentaire et de la façon dont l'expérience d'apprentissage s'harmonisait avec leur futur rôle professionnel d'hygiéniste dentaire. Les élèves ont noté une meilleure compréhension de leurs privilèges individuels et une meilleure sensibilisation aux enjeux sociaux dans leur communauté. Conclusion : La participation à un apprentissage axé sur les services communautaires non dentaires a accru la sensibilisation sociale des étudiants en hygiène dentaire aux communautés locales. Ils ont démontré leur capacité à appliquer leur apprentissage à leurs compétences en développement en tant que futurs hygiénistes dentaires.

Development and validation of nursing students' moral sensitivity questionnaire in Taiwan.

Ethical literacy is a critical aspect of professional nursing development. It is considered an essential quality that nursing professionals should possess throughout their careers. Moral sensitivity serves as the foundation for developing ethical literacy. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable tool for assessing moral sensitivity among nursing students. The questionnaire was developed following a rigorous approach, consisting of three stages process, combining the Schwartz-Barcott and Kim hybrid model of concept development with the methodology suggested by Devellis and Waltz. A total of 297 nursing students (287 females, 10 males; mean age: 18.7 years) participated in the study, with five invalid questionnaires excluded from the analysis. The questionnaire's reliability was established through internal consistency and test-retest reliability analyses. Furthermore, the moral sensitivity questionnaire for nursing students demonstrated satisfactory validity through the results of construct, convergent and discriminant validation procedures. The study findings revealed a significant correlation between the internship performance of students and their overall moral sensitivity score. The questionnaire would be appropriated to be included as a supplemental measure for ethical literacy evaluation.

Criminological and Psychiatric Profiles of Immigrant and Refugee Offenders: A Retrospective Analysis of Cases in a Forensic Setting.

This study aimed to scrutinize the characteristics of immigrant and refugee offenders within our institution, focusing on factors such as immigrant status, country of birth, duration of residence in Turkey, as well as psychiatric, socio-demographic, and criminal profiles. The data were obtained through a retrospective examination of case records referred to the Observation Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine for the assessment of criminal responsibility between 2017 and 2022. The study categorized the cases into two groups: refugees and immigrants, comprising 35 and 22 offenders, respectively. Significant differences in educational levels were identified between immigrants and refugees within our study group (p < .001). Notably, drug use disorders were more prevalent among refugees, whereas alcohol use disorders were more common among immigrants, with statistical significance (p < .005). During forensic psychiatric assessments, 57.1% of refugees and 54.5% of immigrants required interpretation services. The most prevalent offense in the refugee group was homicide (37.1%), followed by child sexual abuse (28.6%). In contrast, homicide (31.8%) and theft and extortion (22.7%) were the most common offenses for the immigrant group. Six cases (10.5%) were judged to have reduced or no criminal liability. Among the cases, 52.6% had a history of prior outpatient psychiatric referrals, with the most frequent diagnosis being atypical psychosis at 10.5%. The findings underscore the necessity for additional research and targeted interventions to address the mental health and criminological complexities confronted by this vulnerable population.

The interplay between ethics, justice, corporate social responsibility, and performance management sustainability.

In the increasingly volatile 21st century globalized and interconnected business landscape, organizations face increasing scrutiny concerning their ethical behavior, social responsibilities, and overall performance. This paper looks at some of the factors that link the notions of ethics, justice, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), with an eye to their theoretical underpinnings and complexities and their relationship to the efficient and sustainable operation of Sustainable Performance Management (with special emphasis on CSR). Drawing on theoretical foundations and empirical evidence, we provide practical recommendations for organizations to promote ethics, justice, CSR, and effective and sustainable performance management. Suggestions include fostering ethical leadership by modeling ethical behavior and promoting ethical decision-making. We believe that the suggested practical measures may bridge the gap between academic perspectives and the practical realities of ensuring favorable, sustainable, work climates and work processes.